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          <span data-v-4e82dffc>2021-9-1 - </span>
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        </a></span></div></div> <div data-v-1156296a><main class="page"><section><div class="page-title"><h1 class="title">Go语言基础之time包</h1> <div data-v-1ff7123e><i class="iconfont reco-account" data-v-1ff7123e><span data-v-1ff7123e>小狐</span></i> <i class="iconfont reco-date" data-v-1ff7123e><span data-v-1ff7123e>9/12/2021</span></i> <!----> <i class="tags iconfont reco-tag" data-v-1ff7123e><span class="tag-item" data-v-1ff7123e>GO</span></i></div></div> <div class="theme-reco-content content__default"><h1 id="go语言基础之time包"><a href="#go语言基础之time包" class="header-anchor">#</a> Go语言基础之time包</h1> <p>时间和日期是我们编程中经常会用到的，本文主要介绍了Go语言内置的time包的基本用法。</p> <h1 id="time包"><a href="#time包" class="header-anchor">#</a> time包</h1> <p>time包提供了时间的显示和测量用的函数。日历的计算采用的是公历。</p> <h2 id="时间类型"><a href="#时间类型" class="header-anchor">#</a> 时间类型</h2> <p><code>time.Time</code>类型表示时间。我们可以通过<code>time.Now()</code>函数获取当前的时间对象，然后获取时间对象的年月日时分秒等信息。示例代码如下：</p> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">timeDemo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	now <span class="token operator">:=</span> time<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//获取当前时间</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;current time:%v\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> now<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

	year <span class="token operator">:=</span> now<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Year</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>     <span class="token comment">//年</span>
	month <span class="token operator">:=</span> now<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Month</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>   <span class="token comment">//月</span>
	day <span class="token operator">:=</span> now<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Day</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token comment">//日</span>
	hour <span class="token operator">:=</span> now<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Hour</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>     <span class="token comment">//小时</span>
	minute <span class="token operator">:=</span> now<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Minute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//分钟</span>
	second <span class="token operator">:=</span> now<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Second</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//秒</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> year<span class="token punctuation">,</span> month<span class="token punctuation">,</span> day<span class="token punctuation">,</span> hour<span class="token punctuation">,</span> minute<span class="token punctuation">,</span> second<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><h2 id="时间戳"><a href="#时间戳" class="header-anchor">#</a> 时间戳</h2> <p>时间戳是自1970年1月1日（08:00:00GMT）至当前时间的总毫秒数。它也被称为Unix时间戳（UnixTimestamp）。</p> <p>基于时间对象获取时间戳的示例代码如下：</p> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">timestampDemo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	now <span class="token operator">:=</span> time<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>            <span class="token comment">//获取当前时间</span>
	timestamp1 <span class="token operator">:=</span> now<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Unix</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>     <span class="token comment">//时间戳</span>
	timestamp2 <span class="token operator">:=</span> now<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">UnixNano</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//纳秒时间戳</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;current timestamp1:%v\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> timestamp1<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;current timestamp2:%v\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> timestamp2<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>使用<code>time.Unix()</code>函数可以将时间戳转为时间格式。</p> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">timestampDemo2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>timestamp <span class="token builtin">int64</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	timeObj <span class="token operator">:=</span> time<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Unix</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>timestamp<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//将时间戳转为时间格式</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>timeObj<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
	year <span class="token operator">:=</span> timeObj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Year</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>     <span class="token comment">//年</span>
	month <span class="token operator">:=</span> timeObj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Month</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>   <span class="token comment">//月</span>
	day <span class="token operator">:=</span> timeObj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Day</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>       <span class="token comment">//日</span>
	hour <span class="token operator">:=</span> timeObj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Hour</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>     <span class="token comment">//小时</span>
	minute <span class="token operator">:=</span> timeObj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Minute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//分钟</span>
	second <span class="token operator">:=</span> timeObj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Second</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//秒</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;%d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d\n&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> year<span class="token punctuation">,</span> month<span class="token punctuation">,</span> day<span class="token punctuation">,</span> hour<span class="token punctuation">,</span> minute<span class="token punctuation">,</span> second<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h2 id="时间间隔"><a href="#时间间隔" class="header-anchor">#</a> 时间间隔</h2> <p><code>time.Duration</code>是<code>time</code>包定义的一个类型，它代表两个时间点之间经过的时间，以纳秒为单位。<code>time.Duration</code>表示一段时间间隔，可表示的最长时间段大约290年。</p> <p>time包中定义的时间间隔类型的常量如下：</p> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    Nanosecond  Duration <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
    Microsecond          <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1000</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> Nanosecond
    Millisecond          <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1000</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> Microsecond
    Second               <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1000</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> Millisecond
    Minute               <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">60</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> Second
    Hour                 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">60</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> Minute
<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><p>例如：<code>time.Duration</code>表示1纳秒，<code>time.Second</code>表示1秒。</p> <h2 id="时间操作"><a href="#时间操作" class="header-anchor">#</a> 时间操作</h2> <h3 id="add"><a href="#add" class="header-anchor">#</a> Add</h3> <p>我们在日常的编码过程中可能会遇到要求时间+时间间隔的需求，Go语言的时间对象有提供Add方法如下：</p> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>t Time<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">Add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>d Duration<span class="token punctuation">)</span> Time
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>举个例子，求一个小时之后的时间：</p> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	now <span class="token operator">:=</span> time<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
	later <span class="token operator">:=</span> now<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Hour<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// 当前时间加1小时后的时间</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>later<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><h3 id="sub"><a href="#sub" class="header-anchor">#</a> Sub</h3> <p>求两个时间之间的差值：</p> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>t Time<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">Sub</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>u Time<span class="token punctuation">)</span> Duration
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>返回一个时间段t-u。如果结果超出了Duration可以表示的最大值/最小值，将返回最大值/最小值。要获取时间点t-d（d为Duration），可以使用t.Add(-d)。</p> <h3 id="equal"><a href="#equal" class="header-anchor">#</a> Equal</h3> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>t Time<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">Equal</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>u Time<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">bool</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>判断两个时间是否相同，会考虑时区的影响，因此不同时区标准的时间也可以正确比较。本方法和用t==u不同，这种方法还会比较地点和时区信息。</p> <h3 id="before"><a href="#before" class="header-anchor">#</a> Before</h3> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>t Time<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">Before</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>u Time<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">bool</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>如果t代表的时间点在u之前，返回真；否则返回假。</p> <h3 id="after"><a href="#after" class="header-anchor">#</a> After</h3> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>t Time<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">After</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>u Time<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token builtin">bool</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>如果t代表的时间点在u之后，返回真；否则返回假。</p> <h2 id="定时器"><a href="#定时器" class="header-anchor">#</a> 定时器</h2> <p>使用<code>time.Tick(时间间隔)</code>来设置定时器，定时器的本质上是一个通道（channel）。</p> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">tickDemo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	ticker <span class="token operator">:=</span> time<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Tick</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Second<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//定义一个1秒间隔的定时器</span>
	<span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token operator">:=</span> <span class="token keyword">range</span> ticker <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
		fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">//每秒都会执行的任务</span>
	<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><h2 id="时间格式化"><a href="#时间格式化" class="header-anchor">#</a> 时间格式化</h2> <p>时间类型有一个自带的方法<code>Format</code>进行格式化，需要注意的是Go语言中格式化时间模板不是常见的<code>Y-m-d H:M:S</code>而是使用Go的诞生时间2006年1月2号15点04分（记忆口诀为2006 1 2 3 4）。也许这就是技术人员的浪漫吧。</p> <p>补充：如果想格式化为12小时方式，需指定<code>PM</code>。</p> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code><span class="token keyword">func</span> <span class="token function">formatDemo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	now <span class="token operator">:=</span> time<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
	<span class="token comment">// 格式化的模板为Go的出生时间2006年1月2号15点04分 Mon Jan</span>
	<span class="token comment">// 24小时制</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>now<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;2006-01-02 15:04:05.000 Mon Jan&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
	<span class="token comment">// 12小时制</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>now<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;2006-01-02 03:04:05.000 PM Mon Jan&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>now<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;2006/01/02 15:04&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>now<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;15:04 2006/01/02&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>now<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;2006/01/02&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h3 id="解析字符串格式的时间"><a href="#解析字符串格式的时间" class="header-anchor">#</a> 解析字符串格式的时间</h3> <div class="language-go line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-go"><code>now <span class="token operator">:=</span> time<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>now<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment">// 加载时区</span>
loc<span class="token punctuation">,</span> err <span class="token operator">:=</span> time<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">LoadLocation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;Asia/Shanghai&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> err <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token boolean">nil</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
	<span class="token keyword">return</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// 按照指定时区和指定格式解析字符串时间</span>
timeObj<span class="token punctuation">,</span> err <span class="token operator">:=</span> time<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ParseInLocation</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;2006/01/02 15:04:05&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;2019/08/04 14:15:20&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> loc<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> err <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token boolean">nil</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
	<span class="token keyword">return</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>timeObj<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
fmt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>timeObj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Sub</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>now<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div></div></section> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">2021-9-2: </span> <span class="time">9/3/2021, 6:20:18 PM</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/blogs/GO/go/18_go_mod.html" class="prev">
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